How to Know If a Tooth Is Infected: Signs, Symptoms, and When to Seek Help
Tooth pain, swelling, or strange sensations in your mouth might not seem urgent at first. But sometimes, those symptoms signal something far more serious: an infected tooth. Left untreated, a tooth infection can spread beyond the gums, affecting your jaw, face, and even your overall health. So, how can you tell if your tooth is infected? What signs should you look out for, and when is it time to get professional help? At Asctorino, we believe early detection is the key to avoiding more invasive and costly procedures. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover the telltale signs of a tooth infection, why they happen, how they’re treated, and what steps you should take to protect your health if you notice symptoms. What Is a Tooth Infection? A tooth infection, also called a dental abscess, occurs when bacteria enter the innermost part of the tooth—called the pulp—and begin to multiply. This usually happens because of untreated cavities, cracks, gum disease, or trauma. As the infection grows, pus builds up in the tooth or surrounding tissues, leading to swelling, pain, and in severe cases, the spread of bacteria to other parts of the body. There are three main types of dental abscesses: Periapical abscess – Infection at the tip of the tooth’s root Periodontal abscess – Infection in the gums around the tooth Gingival abscess – Infection in the gum tissue, not affecting the tooth or bone directly All three require treatment, but periapical and periodontal abscesses are especially serious if left untreated. Early Warning Signs of a Tooth Infection Recognizing the signs of a tooth infection early can help prevent complications and ensure faster healing. If you’re experiencing any of the following symptoms, your body might be trying to tell you that something’s wrong: 1. Persistent, Throbbing Tooth Pain This is often the first and most common symptom. It may start mild and worsen over time, or come on suddenly. The pain may radiate to the jaw, ear, or neck. 2. Sensitivity to Hot or Cold A sharp or lingering sensitivity when eating hot soup or drinking cold beverages may be a red flag—especially if it’s isolated to one tooth. 3. Swollen Gums or Face Infection causes inflammation. If one side of your face or gums appears swollen or puffy, and especially if the area is tender, an abscess could be forming. 4. Bad Taste or Odor in the Mouth An unpleasant taste or smell may indicate that pus is draining from an infected tooth or gum pocket. 5. Fever and Fatigue When the infection spreads, your immune system activates. A mild to high fever, chills, and a feeling of being run down are all signs that the infection may be systemic. 6. A Small Bump on the Gums This pimple-like bump near a tooth is a fistula—a drainage point where pus escapes. While it may reduce pain temporarily, the infection still exists underneath. 7. Difficulty Chewing or Biting An infected tooth can feel “high” or different from others. If chewing or applying pressure triggers intense pain, it’s time to see a dentist. 8. Jaw Stiffness or Difficulty Opening Your Mouth This may indicate that the infection has begun to spread into deeper tissues around the tooth or into the jawbone itself. At Asctorino, we urge you not to ignore these warning signs. Dental infections do not heal on their own and can become serious within days. What Causes a Tooth Infection? Tooth infections begin when bacteria breach the tooth’s protective layers. Common causes include: Untreated cavities – Bacteria erode enamel and dentin, reaching the pulp Cracks or chips – These can expose the inner layers of a tooth to bacteria Deep gum disease – Periodontal pockets harbor harmful microbes Failed dental work – Old fillings or crowns that become loose may let bacteria in Trauma – A blow to the tooth that damages the root or pulp Even good oral hygiene can sometimes fall short if a cavity goes unnoticed. Regular dental exams help catch these problems early—before infection sets in. What Happens If a Tooth Infection Is Left Untreated? A dental infection may start small, but it can spread quickly if not treated. As the bacteria multiply, the infection can: Destroy the surrounding bone and tissue Spread into the jaw, cheeks, and neck Reach the bloodstream, causing sepsis, a potentially life-threatening condition Lead to complications like sinus infections or brain abscesses in rare but severe cases That’s why it’s critical not to “wait and see.” Pain may subside temporarily if the abscess drains, but the underlying infection remains and will likely return. Diagnosis: How Dentists Confirm a Tooth Infection When you visit a dentist with suspected tooth infection symptoms, they will: Conduct a visual exam to check for swelling, drainage, or gum abscesses Take X-rays to identify infections at the root or bone level Test tooth sensitivity using temperature or percussion tests Ask about your pain level, health history, and any recent dental work Based on these findings, the dentist will confirm whether an infection is present and recommend the appropriate treatment. Treatment Options for Infected Teeth Treating a tooth infection depends on its location, severity, and the condition of the tooth. Common options include: 1. Root Canal Therapy If the tooth’s pulp is infected but the structure is salvageable, a root canal removes the infected tissue and seals the tooth to prevent reinfection. 2. Tooth Extraction If the tooth is severely damaged or cannot be saved, it may be removed entirely to eliminate the infection source. 3. Incision and Drainage For large abscesses, the dentist may create a small incision in the gum to allow the pus to drain, relieving pressure and pain. 4. Antibiotics Dentists often prescribe antibiotics to stop the spread of infection. However, antibiotics alone won’t cure the problem—they’re typically used in combination with a procedure to remove
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